Calibration and monitoring for crystal calorimetry

Crystal calorimetry provides excellent energy resolution in high energy and nuclear physics. The light output of heavy crystal scintillators, however, suffers from not negligible damage in radiation environment. A precision calibration and monitoring thus is crucial for maintaining crystal precision in situ. The performance of calibration and monitoring approaches used by BaBar, CLEO and L3 experiments are presented. The design and construction of a laser-based light monitoring system for CMS PWO calorimeter is also discussed. r 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.